| Index | Barnesville | Ohio | National |
| Average Test Scores | 63% | 61% | 48% |
| Student/Teacher ratio | 15:1 | 17:1 | 16:1 |
| Total public schools | 3 | 3,650 | 79,221 |
| Total private schools | 2 | 1,000 | 24,874 |
| Total post-secondary schools | n/a | 393 | 7,963 |
| Index | Barnesville | Ohio | National |
| Completed 8th grade | 89.7% | 86.9% | 84.3% |
| Completed high school | 88.5% | 85.6% | 83.0% |
| Completed some college | 41.0% | 55.7% | 59.4% |
| Completed associate degree | 21.3% | 35.1% | 38.5% |
| Completed bachelors | 17.0% | 26.7% | 30.3% |
| Completed masters | 3.7% | 10.0% | 11.5% |
| Completed professional degree | 0.0% | 2.7% | 3.3% |
| Completed doctorate | 0.0% | 1.1% | 1.3% |
There are a total of 3 public schools, 2 private schools and n/a post-secondary schools in Barnesville. Using the proficiency score averages, the average test scores for Barnesville, OH schools is 63%. The average student to teacher ratio is 15:1. In Barnesville, OH, an average of 89.7% of students have completed 8th grade and an average of 88.5% have completed high school.
| City | Population | Avg. Test Scores | National Avg. |
| St. Clairsville, OH | 5,080 | 70% | 46.2% |
| Belmont, OH | 353 | 57% | 17.7% |
| Beallsville, OH | 387 | 43% | 9.9% |
| Barnesville, OH | 3,562 | 63% | 31.3% |
| City | Population | Avg. Test Scores | National Avg. |
| El Dorado Springs, MO | 3,562 | 34% | 29.5% |
| Centerville, TN | 3,561 | 29% | 39.6% |
| Montauk, NY | 3,563 | 55% | 13.5% |
| Farmersville, TX | 3,560 | 54% | 12.5% |
| Beaver Dam, KY | 3,566 | 47% | 1.6% |
| Barnesville, OH | 3,562 | 63% | 31.3% |
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